Useful Tools

File System Manipulation

• Aaru supports a fairly comprehensive collection of disk image, partition table, and file system formats, and is built with the Microsoft .NET Framework - builds exist, for several operating systems.
• kpartx is a fairly standard command to automatically create loop devices for whole disk images (assuming regular partition table types Linux can understand)
• macFUSE allows you to use FUSE filesystems on macOS

Archive Manipulation

• 7-Zip supports the Windows Imaging format (.WIM) disk images, with LZX compression, as used by Windows 8.1
• XADMaster supports a fairly comprehensive collection of compression, and archival formats, and can also expand some disk image formats - this seems to be the basis of the "unar" utility, provided for Ubuntu, and some other Linux distributions.
• unshield is a CLI tool, for unpacking various flavours of InstallShield archive

Firmware Image Extraction

• The RandomSHX utility, for Windows will extract the contents of some Motorola P2K (e.g. A835) "UNIX Generated SuperFile" firmware archives - this requires Windows, and does not work with UNC paths
• The srecord package, under Ubuntu contains a utility, that can convert Motorola S-Record files, into plain binaries: (for example srec_cat C139_V1.0.03.E.m0 -Output C139_V1.0.03.E.bin -Binary

• BinWalk is extremely useful, for extracting files, and resources out of firmware images, executables, and file system structures

Binary reverse engineering

• Dependency Walker for understanding Windows program dependencies and what's used by the program, helpful for software archaeology.
• Ghidra is an open-source set of RE tools, including a set of decompilers and disassemblers for most binary formats.